Contextual Review The World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1690 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Political Essay Did you like this example? In order to conduct a comprehensive study into the role and function of the Government Press Secretary it is paramount to explain the realm in which they work on a daily basis. I will give the reader a brief overview of the Irish political system. Ireland is a parliamentary democracy. Sovereignty resides with the people and it is exercised through those that we elect to our houses of parliament, the Oireachtas. The Irish Constitution, Bunreacht na hEacute;ireann drafted in 1937 provides for this parliamentary democracy. Our parliament consists of two houses; the Lower House and the Upper House. The Lower House is known as the Daacute;il and is directly elected. The Daacute;il consists of 166 members. The Upper House is known as the Seanad and is indirectly elected. It consists of 60 members. However despite its status as the Upper House the powers of the Seanad are quite limited. The power lies with the Daacute;il and as the people elect this parliament Ireland s status as a democracy is vested in this electoral process. With regards to the form of government that Ireland can be typified by one would accept that Irelands governmental system can be classified within the classical Westminster model of cabinet Government. (Coakley and Gallagher; 1996 : 167) The Daacute;il chooses the majority party leader as Taoiseach and in turn he selects his cabinet of ministers. Article 28 of the Constitution allows for a minimum of seven ministers and a maximum of 15. All must be parliamentarians, specifically the Taoiseach, Taacute;naiste and Minister for Finance must be Daacute;il Deputies. The Constitution governs the formal framework of the Irish political spectrum however according to Peter Mair it is through the study of party politics that some of the most fundamental processes in modern political life are encountered. (Coakley and Gallagher; 1996: 86) Irelands parliamentary democracy is strongly dictated by the relationships between politic al parties and elections. (Coakley and Gallagher; 1996: 104) Parties are growing ever more personalised by those who occupy the positions of power within the part structure. According to Marsh and Laver this is a direct result of, The recent patterns of high profile and personalised campaign coverage by Dublin based broadcast media that increasingly dominate the channels of political communication. (Coakley and Gallagher; 1996: 104) The Government Press Secretary is not only the spokesman for the Government. In addition one of the principal roles of the Government Press Secretary is in his position as the de facto spokesperson for the Taoiseach. In this position he has unparalleled access to the Taoiseach. The Taoiseach is considered to be one of the strongest of all heads of government. Anthony King places the Taoiseach alongside the British, German, Greek, Portuguese and Spanish Prime Ministers in the categories of heads of government who have the highest degree of influe nce within their own systems of government (King, 1994, p152) Within his own political system the Irish Prime Minister is potentially more powerful than any other European Prime Minister with the exception of his British counterpart. (OLeary, 1991, p159) The power of the Taoiseach is shaped by party political factors and these go a long way towards accounting for the strength of an individual Taoiseach. The constitution officially designates the Taoiseach as head of government (Article 13.1.1 and Article 28.5.1). In this capacity the Taoiseach meets and negotiates with heads of state and heads of government throughout the world, attends meetings of the European Council on behalf of the state, pays particular attention to the situation in Northern Ireland and is the governments main spokesperson at home. In all, the Taoiseach is the person upon whom the responsibility for leadership is most incumbent. The Constitution also provides the Taoiseach with a considerable pow er of appointment. Article 13.1.2 gives the Taoiseach right to appoint other members of the government subject to Daacute;il approval. Although the appointment of ministers of state is vested by law in the government, in practice the Taoiseach plays no less significant role here. Article 30.2 provides the Taoiseach with the right to appoint the Attorney General who has a seat at the cabinet table. All these powers do have a limit however and it should be noted that the Taoiseach is limited to 15 cabinet ministers, choice of minister is limited to members of the Oireachtas and only two may be members of the Seanad (Article 28.7.2). A Taoiseach may at any time for reasons which to him seem sufficient, request a member of the Government to resign (Article 28.9.4). The Taoiseach has the opportunity to determine the composition of the cabinet not just at the beginning but any stage throughout the duration of the administration. As well as having the power to select the government, the Taoiseach nominates 11 members of Seanad Eacute;ireann this is to ensure the government of the day has a majority in the upper house. Article 13.2.1 provides the Taoiseach with the power to dissolve the Daacute;il and call a general election. Use of this power depends primarily on the likelihood that the government will win the ensuing election, but it was successfully used by DeValera in the 1930s to maintain and reinforce his position in office. In addition to the power of appointment the Taoiseach has the capacity to shape the day to day process of policy making. The Taoiseach determines the order in which items on the cabinet agenda are taken, the time given to consideration of each item, who is to speak, and when a decision should be reached- or postponed†¦. In practice ministers do not challenge the Taoiseachs control of the agenda. (Farrell, 1993, p.176) In this context, Farrell quotes an anonymous cabinet minister as saying: Really you cant get an item disc ussed for five seconds at a cabinet meeting if the Taoiseach isnt with you. (Farrell, B., 1994, p.80) The Taoiseach is in a similar position with regard to the legislative aspect of the policy making process. Article 25 of the Daacute;ils Standing Orders allows the Taoiseach to determine the order in which government business will be taken each day. In this sense, the Taoiseach controls not just the cabinets business but the Daacute;ils agenda as well. Since the office of the chief whip is formally part of the Department of the Taoiseach the head of the government has a strong, direct relationship with the parliamentary party. The Daacute;il is one of the least influential legislatures in Western Europe (Norton, 1990) and the Taoiseach is the main beneficiary of this situation. The Taoiseachs position is further bolstered by the administrative support the office commands. The Dept of the Taoiseach comprises 300 people in a number of different sections or divisions. Their role is to coordinate government policy and contribute to its formulation. The Dept includes the Taoiseachs private office, the office of the chief whip, the government secretariat and the Government Information Service. Collectively, these institutions carry out many of the essential tasks of government on the Taoiseachs behalf. The Government Information Service is a close interlocutor of the Taoiseach. The GIS is headed by the Government Press Secretary and this person is a political appointee chosen for his or her loyalty and knowledge of the media. There is no doubt that the Government Press Secretary is privy to the most sensitive of all government discussions. There is also no doubt that the presence of an experienced and skilled individual at this post can be of enormous public and political benefit to the Taoiseach personally. (Coakley and Gallagher; 1996: 237) The Taoiseach may also draw upon electoral and party political. Party politics is the main reason why the powe r of the Taoiseach varies. However, when the party situation allows, the Taoiseach can draw upon three electoral and party based resources. Firstly, the electoral process, General elections generally take the form of gladiatorial contests between two designated party leaders (Chubb, 1992, p 185). Secondly, the Taoiseach can benefit from the fact that the formation of the government is approved by a vote in the Daacute;il. As Coakley notes, this forces, parliament to define at the outset its attitude to any new prime minister and compels would be dissidents within his party to choose between open rebellion and conformity (Coakley, 1984, pp. 413-4). The Secretariat is a small number of senior civil servants, serving as cabinet secretaries. These personal advisors to An Taoiseach also operate within the system, and this group caters for the Taoiseach both as Head of Government and as a Minister. The Secretariat serves the Government in an almost corporate capacity. They are responsi ble for the recording decisions, circulating memoranda, preparing the agenda of cabinet meetings and in general, assisting the Taoiseach in his fulfilment of his duties. Apart from the Secretariat the GIS and Government Press Secretary operate in the Department of the Taoiseach. In discussing this arrangement Brian Farrell surmises that invariably the Government Press Secretary is a political appointee close to the Taoiseach. (Coakley and Gallagher; 1996: 172) In analysing the realm that the Government Press Secretary operates within, it is also important to assess the role and importance of special advisors, a category that the Government Press Secretary undoubtedly falls into. In his discussion on Policy Making, OHalpin highlights that while all governments have sought out the advice from the civil service they have also sought advice from outside the civil service. Oftentimes this advice can come from informal dialogue with friends or colleagues. The position of the Government Press Secretary is difficult to pigeon hole. I will go into this in greater detail later on however it is important to raise awareness of how the Government Press Secretary is perceived by others. Some see him as a civil servant others see him as being an outsider drafted into the civil service to impart specialist knowledge. Regardless of how he is perceived he invariably becomes part of an elite group that serves the needs of An Taoiseach and the Government and thus by proxy of the fact that our parliamentary democracy has granted these people power, the Government Press Secretary is intended to serve the Irish people. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Contextual Review The World" essay for you Create order

History Of Portugal Essay - 681 Words

Under King Emanuel, Portuguese power reached its height. From 1497 to 1499 Vasco da Gama made the first voyage to India following the route discovered by Dias, and inaugurated a lucrative trade in spices and other luxuries between Europe and South Asia. Led by Afonso de Albuquerque, the Portuguese occupied Goa, India, in 1510, Malacca (now Melaka, Malaysia) in 1511, the Moluccas (in present-day Indonesia) in 1512-14, and Hormuz Island in the Persian Gulf in 1515. During the same period they opened up trade with China and established relations with Ethiopia. As other Portuguese kings had done, Emanuel dreamed of uniting Portugal and Spain under his rule and successively married two daughters of King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella I. Under†¦show more content†¦After 1600, Portuguese domination of trade with the East Indies was lost to the Dutch and the English. Under Philip I, Portugal enjoyed considerable autonomy, but his successors, Philip II (Philip III of Spain) and Phili p III (Philip IV of Spain), treated it as a Spanish province, provoking widespread discontent. After unsuccessful revolts in 1634 and 1637, Portuguese conspirators with the support of France won independence for their kingdom in 1640. John, duke of Braganza, was elected John IV, first king of the house of Braganza, which ruled Portugal as long as the monarchy endured. John IV and His Successors (1640-1816) King John expelled the Dutch from Brazil, which they had occupied in 1630, and renewed the traditional tie with England. Although further weakened by conflicts with Spain in the second half of the 17th century, Portugal recovered a measure of prosperity in the 18th century, after gold and diamonds were discovered in Brazil. Between 1683 and 1750, during the reigns of Pedro II and John V, British merchants came to dominate Portuguese trade; the monarchy became more despotic and the Cortes fell into disuse. During the reign (1750-77) of Joseph Emanuel, the kingdom was controlled by the chief-minister, Sebastià £o Josà © de Carvalho e Mello, marquà ªs de Pombal, considered one of the greatest statesmen in modern Portuguese history. Although a ruthlessShow MoreRelatedThe History Of Portugal1582 Words   |  7 PagesAs one of the countries we examined to place a Dunkin’ Donuts, was Portugal. Portugal was founded as a republic in 1910 after a revolution had taken place. Since then Portugal has become a part of the National American Treaty Organization, the United Nations, and the European Union. They are still a 3 branch Republic with both a President and Prime Minister, where they have a Parliamentary Particracy government system. 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There was a need for the new wave of Portuguese immigrants to be close to the water since Portugal resides along the Atlantic Ocean, so therefore they settled in regions such as: Southern New England, San Francisco Bay, California, and Hawaii. Considering Portugal’s close approximation to the water, one may understand why mostly all PortugueseRead MoreDecriminalization Is On The Rise920 Words   |  4 Pagesdecriminalization is on the rise. Advocates for legalization of drugs across Europe have touted Portugal s success and have tried to use it as a unilateral expression of decriminalization as a complete success. Portugal s success is ve ry much also attributed to an overhaul on the healthcare and treatment of drug addicts rather than being the simple result of decriminalization (Aleem). The Czech Republic recently joined Portugal in decriminalizing drugs in 2010. The mainufacture and distribution of drugs areRead Moreâ€Å"Compare and Contrast the Early Colonial Empires of Portugal, Spain, and England in Terms of Motives, Economic Foundations and Relations with Africans and Indians. What Factors Contributed to the Similarities and/or Differences?1081 Words   |  5 PagesREWRITE The three colonial empires of Portugal, Spain, and England were the most dominate in the fight for land in the Americas. While the motivations for these three colonial empires were similar and all of the Native Americans and/or Africans saw the Spanish Portuguese and English as one brutally similar people, economic differences between the three of them would ensure that their colonies would develop in dramatically unique ways. 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Otherness Free Essays

Cheyanne Easter Processor: Temple English 066 1 October 2012 Otherness Everywhere you go you catch yourself either stereotyping or being stereotyped just by the simple she lives in a big house she must be rich or he’s Asian he must be good at math. Stereotyping is usually a negative habit on all human beings but it somehow weasels its way into social acceptance. Now, more than ever and somehow we end up accepting it with no concern. We will write a custom essay sample on Otherness or any similar topic only for you Order Now Allport (1954) theory was that thinking ill of others without warrant that people make their mind u’ without any personal experience. This pre judgment is worldwide it happens everywhere including every race white, black, Hispanic to what gender female or male. We are all human we all do it. One group we tend to target the most, our middle aged black men, we pracive them to be a gang member or drug dealers by their own appearance. But would it be wrong to say that hip hop may have an effect on the way people look at African American men in our society. While watching an episode of the Tyra Banks show rerun an episode about stereotypes happened to be on where Tyra did an experiment where she put a group of people from all backgrounds showed them a picture of different cultured individuals and asked what and how you felt about them just by their appearance. The first picture appeared of a middle aged tall black man wearing baggy jeans, boots and an oversized jacket. People assumed right off that bat that he must not be educated, he must be on welfare trying to support his kids and baby momma was some white female’s exact words. These comments were even coming from the same race â€Å"that he must be strapped with guns and running the street as a gang banger† one African American women stated. It was sickening for people to make all these assumptions just based on their theory of stereotypes by a certain individual. He was later brought out face to face with these people to find out that he’s a very successful antrapranoer and has already earned 4 degrees. He says it the same reaction he gets from individual all the time, â€Å"it’s hard on me and that everything I’m hearing today I have to carry the weight of every African American male out there†. He explains that those type of stereotypes are the ones he has to live up to on a daily bases. You could relate this man’s experience with a young African American boy that was murdered because this man thought he was being â€Å"suspicious†. Trayvon Martin a 17 year old teenage that was shot for the simple fact that he was a black male wearing a hoodie walking through a gated neighborhood. Federals say this could indeed be a hate crime. What went through George Zimmerman’s head to shoot this innocent boy was it the first time Zimmerman’s done such type of prejudgment on black males, no. At the very least, a situation of 46 emergency calls made by Zimmerman over the past six years documents his attentiveness about keeping his neighborhood safe and orderly. The calls include complaints about unruly people at the pool, potholes, dumped trash, and kids playing in the street. In recent months as the neighborhood saw an uptick in crime, including burglaries and a shooting, Zimmerman’s calls had focused on specific suspects, the majority of them young black males. Zimmerman assumptions about these people made them his target. Some people say that this doesn’t exist in current day society but this right here is a prime example. To willingly kill a young black kid due to the fact that he walked into this residence or for the simple fact that he was cutting in-between houses, walking very leisurely for the rainy weather and looking at all the house gave Zimmerman the right to shot this innocent kid that caused death by his own prejudgment it devastates me to the bare bone. This problem will never stop. People tend to fill their head with what they want to believe. Is it wrong to say that maybe† hip hop† had a little influence on the killing of Trayvon Martin, editor in chief of GlobalGrind. com, a site about the â€Å"hip-hop† side of pop culture said â€Å"Even if I have a black hoodie, a pair of jeans and white sneakers on, in fact that is what I wore yesterday, I still never will look suspicious. No matter how much the hoodie covers my face or how baggie my jeans are, I will never look out of place to you,† he wrote. â€Å"I will never look suspicious to you, because of one thing and one thing only,  the color of my skin. † Thus, clothing lines and particular clothing items popular within the hip hop culture are Stereotyped and ignoring simplistic understandings of hip hop culture lead people to assume the role of a ordinary African American that lives day to day in our society , as drug dealers, gang bangers or want to be rappers. Do hip hop rappers influence people to assume that black men aren’t safe to be around if they portray the image of rapper, is it all about getting money, smoking and having a gun. It’s sad to say these stereotypes can just come from material clothing you not only see it in hip hop fashion but in the holocaust people could see right through you that you were a Jew, during this semester we’ve been reading a book called Maus were it takes you into the life of one Jewish man valdeck spingleman that survived the worst externmation of 11 million people. How to cite Otherness, Essay examples

Marketing and Competitive Environment Potential Customers

Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Competitive Environmentfor Potential Customers. Answer: Abstract This paper is about marketing in a competitive environment. The context covers the way to do marketing in a competitive environment to counter for external forces affecting businesses. The paper presents marketing in a competitive environment in case study case. The case study is carried out on a university in Australia, CQUniversity. The case is that, the CQUniversity is an institution located in Australia and faces stiff competition from other well established institutions in the region, international and local based institutions. A good marketing strategy has enabled the CQUniversity to compete favorably with the other preexisting universities. Executive Summary In summary, this paper is about how to market a firm to withstand the forces of market completion. The latter is a case study of the marketing case of CQUniversity. In a detailed manner, the mechanism enabling the CQUniversity to survive in its venture is captured. Different methods of adapting to a competitive environment such as the PEST approach are captured. Moreover, self-evaluative measures in an organization such as the SWOT analysis are also in context. The position branding of the CQUniversity is a part of this works. Segmentation and target market for the CQUniversity are also discussed. Moreover, market mix for this institution are discussed in depth. Marketing and Competitive Environment Marketing is the act of publicizing a good or a service to potential customers. Marketing involves commutating convincingly the value of a product to the buyers as captured by Hollensen, S. (2015). A producer has to market the product or service offered to the potential buyers and win their trust on the quality of the latter. On the other hand, a competitive environment refers to the dynamism of the external forces that drive the performance of the business in its venture (Farahani et al., 2014). The forces include competition for customers with the similar business operatives among others. A business firm must acknowledge the competitiveness of its operational environment and device mechanism to counter the same. CQUniversityMarketing Background The CQUniversity is one of the most fast growing institutions of higher learning in Australia. The university has depicted a commendable growth trajectory as from the year 2009. The growth is characterized by a launch of new constituent campuses, new courses, excellent performance and a good public reputation. The infrastructure has grown and a rapid increase in the number of students witnessed for the past few years. The CQUniversity was crowned the full status in 1992, and therefore its not as old in this status as many other universities in Australia. The university pioneers a unique program like the distance learning in Australia (McMillan, Kinnear Babovic 2015). Other courses by this great university include; engineering, visual arts, trades and training among many other courses. The launch of CQUniversity into a university status put this institution into a pool of competition with the other existing universities in Australia and the world. The competitive environment for the CQUniversity includes the University of Newcastle, Queensland University of Technology, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, and the University of Wollongong among other institutions. The CQUniversity is therefore faced with stiff completion from the preexisting universities prior its launch. However, the CQUniversity has strived and overcame the external forces to a great institution in Australia. The success of the CQUniversity is attributed to its effective marketing strategy. The university has its marketing department or directorate bestowed with the mandate of publicizing the institution to the potential customers. The effectiveness of marketing for this university is that the management of the University encourages every department to share the goals of the university with everyone in a bid to effectively reach as many people as possible and make the CQUniversity well known. The marketing directorate for the CQUniversity is responsible for the branding of the latter, recruitment of new students, advertising as well as the devising the marketing policies. Demand Assessment for the CQUniversity. The demand for the CQUniversity can be termed as high, citing the rapid growth of this university within a relatively short period. The university capacity has grown to more than 30,000 students reaching the capacity for some of the oldest universities in Australia. Moreover, the demand for the quality of education offered by the CQUniversity has led to the creation of new courses, and the introduction of a virtual learning environment which caters for the distance learning enrolled program students (Seary, K., Willans, J., Cook, C. 2016). Segmentation TargetMarket for CQUniversity The segmentation of the CQUniversity is that the university has several constituent campuses specialized in offering specified courses and hence improving quality of education (Cross, Belich Rudelius, 2015). Segmentation has seen improvement in the administration of this university and therefore quality policy making for a smooth running of the institution. The target market for the CQUniversity is the education enthusiasts in all levels of learning including undergraduates, masters as well as Ph.D. students. The university launched the distance learning program to complement the old style of learning and therefore to target the technology lovers who wish to learn online without stepping to the university premises physically. MarketingMix Analysis for the CQUniversity. Market mix refers to the variety of products or services that make a customer purchase from a given producer or business (Dolnicar Leisch, 2017). Several factors have led to the increased customer base for the CQUniversity. The main factors behind the success of this institution include; pioneering the distance learning in Australia and hence attracting many scholars. The commitment to excellence by ensuring quality education and diversification of the universitys programs has also led to increased number of scholars. The Australian population is in a quest for quality education and hence the CQUniversity has launched several universities across the country to reach many people. The CQUniversity gives academic promotions to scholars and the staff to motivate the stakeholders of the university to perform to their best. The promotions drive the working habit for the staff as well as the students and therefore quality education. Moreover, the student fees for the CQUniversity is relatively low compared to other universities like the Queensland University of Technology, and therefore the CQUniversity has a competitive strategy against its competitors (Albayrak, 2015). PEST Analysis for the CQUniversity. The PEST analysis refers to the analysis of the Political, Economic, social as well as the Technological orientation of a given business firm, (Ho, J. K. K. 2014). The PEST analysis mainly focusses on the external factors affecting the performance of business. Since the launch of the CQUniversity, it has abided to the requirements for quality educations as stated by the Australian government. Moreover, the CQUniversity is fully branded, lawfully and hence it can operate anywhere in Australia. The compliance with the governmental regulations was the first step in the success journey by the CQUniversity. The economic orientation of the CQUniversity is that the university has a comparatively huge capital base to fund its operations. The latter is drawn from the student fee, research program donation as well as government funding. The university has therefore been able to fund its expansion programs and start new programs. The CQUniversity success history is associated with the institutions understanding of the social requirement for affordable and quality education in Australia. The CQUniversity put into consideration the trend in the social life of digitization and launched the distance learning program for the digital age. Moreover, the CQUniversity has considered the trends in technology in its launch of the virtual learning environment. Use of internet in learning has been key, and therefore the CQUniversity has embraced the technological trend and hence attracting many students. Competitor Analysis for CQUniversity. The CQUniversity has quite a number of competitors. Competitor analysis is very important to ensure continued strategy to beat the competitors (Shabanova, et al. 2015). The main competitor institution to the CQUniversity is the Queensland University of Technology. The competition is evident in the courses offered, the number of students and of course the quality of education. The Queensland University of Technology has a relatively larger number of students than the CQUniversity. Moreover, the Queensland University has number of courses than the CQUniversity. Contrarily, the CQUniversity offsets the Queensland University on the quality of education according to the QS university ranking. Moreover, the CQUniversity has unique courses offered like the distant learning compared to the Queensland University of Technology. CQUniversity SWOT Analysis. The SWOT analysis is a detailed review of the Strengths, Weaknesses Opportunities and the Threats of an organization. The CQUniversity strengths are that the institutions have unique courses like the distant learning that attract a good percentage of students into the institution. Moreover, the institution has relatively low fees charge per unit compared to the competitors like the Queensland University of Technology. Besides, the CQUniversity has embraced segmentation and hence diversified its operation and customer base (Shabanova, et al., 2015). The weaknesses for the CQUniversity are that the University has comparatively less advanced infrastructure compared to the other advanced institutions like the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. This means that the university cannot offer some technical courses in a more professional way like the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology and therefore its outcompeted for some courses. However, the CQUniversity has opportunities for growth which includes the enthusiastic generation of learners are ready to embrace technology backed learning programs, and therefore the CQUniversity should advance its distance learning more to offer quality virtual learning environment. Contrarily, the CQUniversity faces stiff competition from the foreign-based institution the region, and therefore its growth is somehow limited. The stiff competition is a threat to the growth of the institution. Value Brand Positioning Analyses for the CQUniversity The CQUniversity is highly valued in Australia. The university has a long history of its successful alumni. Delgado-Ballester and Fernandez (2015) has it that brand positioning is the position a given company or business firm has in the minds of customers. The CQUniversity has a good brand position in Australia as and yonder. The University is positioned as a good option to study at for among the students in Australia. The university has a sustainable position in the minds of its customers due to its marketing strategy (Fung et al., 2013). Conclusively, the CQUniversity has a good marketing team and an effective strategy. The marketing team has driven the CQUniversity to great heights in spite of its few years in a university status. Its important for an organization to align itself with its PEST orientation to enhance and smoothen its interactivity with the environment. Moreover, the SWOT analysis is crucial determining a firms position in business. References Seary, K., Willans, J., Cook, C. (2016). Design for success: Did we get it right? Measuring the success of STEPS as a remodelled CQUniversity enabling offering.International Studies in Widening Participation,3(1), 4-18. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Farahani, R. Z., Rezapour, S., Drezner, T., Fallah, S. (2014). Competitive supply chain network design: An overview of classifications, models, solution techniques and applications.Omega,45, 92-118. McMillan, G., Kinnear, S., Babovic, N. (2015). Comprehensive universities and the role of the national TAFE system: the CQUniversity context.About the research, 16. Delgado-Ballester, E., Fernandez Sabiote, E. (2015). Brand experimental value versus brand functional value: which matters more for the brand?.European Journal of Marketing,49(11/12), 1857-1879. Lee, M. (2008). Social Inclusion, the Market and CQUniversity.Frontline,16, 13. Fung, M. K., Chaiechi, T., IDaneshgar, F., Fujii, T., Komaran, R., Laurence, G., ... Fisher, C. (2013). Business Economic g, volumezent. Cross, J. C., Belich, T. J., Rudelius, W. (2015). How marketing managers use market segmentation: An exploratory study. InProceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference(pp. 531-536). Springer International Publishing. Dolnicar, S., Leisch, F. (2017). Using segment level stability to select target segments in data-driven market segmentation studies.Marketing Letters, 1-14. Ho, J. K. K. (2014). Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.European academic research,2(5), 6478-6492. Albayrak, T. (2015). Importance Performance Competitor Analysis (IPCA): A study of hospitality companies.International Journal of Hospitality Management,48, 135-142. Shabanova, L. B., Ismagilova, G. N., Salimov, L. N., Akhmadeev, M. G. (2015). PEST-Analysis and SWOT-Analysis as the most important tools to strengthen the competitive advantages of commercial enterprises.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(3), 705

War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and Dulce et decorum est by Wilfred Owen Essay Example

War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and Dulce et decorum est by Wilfred Owen Essay Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Today Im going to focus mainly on two poems, War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and Dulce et decorum est by Wilfred Owen respectively. Both of them are war poems but are written from different perspectives. War Photographer is from the point of view of a war photographer and Dulce et decorum est is written from the view of a soldier. We can observe the contrast between different roles performed by different people in war. The soldiers are the one doing all the fighting in the frontline, which seems that it will never end, and is highlighted by the phrase and towards our distant rest began to trudge. Distant rest can symbolize death, as the soldiers can only rest and achieve peace through death, having a meaning that the soldiers have to fight on until the moment they die. As for the tasks of the photographer, he has to snap shots on the battlefield, capturing the sufferings of both the soldiers and the public. Though the speaker did not directly portray the war photographer filming the sufferers in war but she did hinted so by the line with spools of suffering set out in ordered rows. Referring to the films which show real faces of war victims. And also this line solutions slop in trays between his hands which did not tremble then indicating that the war photographer has frequently experienced war that he is so familiar and professional with his job. Then the war photographer would leave for a safer place, like rural England, carrying the image of their suffering while the sufferers lingered behind on the edge of death. This is shown by the image of safety in the aeroplane looking down on the conflict and bloodshed. Eventually, the war photographer had to organize the photo whish his editor will pick five or six for Sundays supplement. We will write a custom essay sample on War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and Dulce et decorum est by Wilfred Owen specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and Dulce et decorum est by Wilfred Owen specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy and Dulce et decorum est by Wilfred Owen specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer War causes serious consequence not only on those who experienced or witnessed war but also their families and friends. The cries of a mans wife indicates the intensity of suffering both emotional and physical embraced by people involved in the war. It also (indicates) that suffering is not only inflicted on the individual but his family as well. With eyes rhyming with cries, it heightens our sympathy towards the victims in war as it appeals to both the readers sense of hearing and seeing. From Dulce et Decorum est, no doubt the soldiers suffer from war. They are painted by simile as old beggers, hangs or a man in fire or lime. It creates an images of men trapped in war like animals in a cage struggling to be released and some are guttering, choking, drowning. The repetition of the application of ing here, conveys the continuos movement of struggling and reveals the long period of sufferings. These descriptions are ironic because to the public, war is something to be proud of, it is something worth dying for and brings great dignity. But the reality is war is not what it seems to the public, propaganda has made something so horrific into something dignified In all my dreams before my helpless sight, conveys the suffering went through by the sacrificed soldiers have long-term effect on those who survive. The images of suffering and the horrific experience witnessed in war appears frequently in their dreams and its just uncontrollable and inevitable. The run-on-lines in this poem also shows that suffering is continous and non-stop. All these vivid aspects of exhausted soldiers and the true horrendous aspects of war have the intention to unmask the reality of war and let us feel the sense of disgust and frustration felt by all the soldiers. As we flipped through the newspaper, does anyone one of you totally trust what the newspaper reports? No one, right? Congratulation, u are all witty people. Just take a look at this apple daily newspaper. Obviously, the primary objectives of the publisher are not to provide accurate articles, its aim is definitely to attract more readers and maximize profit. If you guys read Chinese newspaper, which I assume most of you dont, you should know that Apple Daily is known for its super large and usually a bit exaggerated title when compared with other newspaper, like South China Morning Post. Its strategy is to make the title more shocking or fascinating, which usually convert some of the real detail of the news. In War Photographer, a hundred agonies in black and white, a hundred agonies show real emotion and unsimplicity but black and white is simplistic and the censored version and is what the readers see. Just like the Apple Daily newspaper, the pictures will be reduced to one illustration in the Sunday papers, removing the real agony of the photographs subject.

Free Essays on Prohibition Of Underage Drinking

Dear Mothers Against Drunk Driving, As you know, alcohol abuse is a major concern to everyone, one that requires extensive problem-solving ideas to fix. However, this is not as problematic in non-temperance nations (nations in which the consumption of alcohol is not restricted). According to a survey conducted by Doctor Stanton Peele, an alcoholism and addiction expert, while the consumption of alcohol is greater in non-temperance nations (10.8 litres consumed per capita per annum compared to 6.6 in temperance nations in 1990), the number of AA groups per million persons is drastically lower (25 to 170), as well as the coronary mortality (deaths per 100,000 population), which comes to 272 in non-temperance nations in 1990, compared to the almost double in temperance nations, 421. (Peele) I propose that, in order to reduce alcohol abuse in the United States to a level equal to Italy, France, Spain, Switzerland, Denmark, Luxembourg, and many other non-temperance nations, the U.S government should remove the federal la w which prohibits citizens under the age of twenty-one years old to drink alcoholic beverages. If this is done, young adults will feel less rebellious about alcohol. As well, if the drinking age was removed, parents would be able to teach their children how to drink responsibly, to avoid the suddeness of a person's "legal age." By doing this, the nation as a whole can begin to recognize that it is not alcohol, but the abuse of alcohol, that is the true problem. Making something illegal does not stop teenagers from doing it. In fact, because of their rebellious nature, teenagers are more likely to do something if it is illegal. In 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment, more commonly known as the Prohibition Act, made it illegal to import, export, transport, manufacture, or sell any alcoholic drink with a percentage of alcohol exceeding .5 (Pohelek 2). It had been hoped that the prohibition of alcohol would lower t... Free Essays on Prohibition Of Underage Drinking Free Essays on Prohibition Of Underage Drinking Dear Mothers Against Drunk Driving, As you know, alcohol abuse is a major concern to everyone, one that requires extensive problem-solving ideas to fix. However, this is not as problematic in non-temperance nations (nations in which the consumption of alcohol is not restricted). According to a survey conducted by Doctor Stanton Peele, an alcoholism and addiction expert, while the consumption of alcohol is greater in non-temperance nations (10.8 litres consumed per capita per annum compared to 6.6 in temperance nations in 1990), the number of AA groups per million persons is drastically lower (25 to 170), as well as the coronary mortality (deaths per 100,000 population), which comes to 272 in non-temperance nations in 1990, compared to the almost double in temperance nations, 421. (Peele) I propose that, in order to reduce alcohol abuse in the United States to a level equal to Italy, France, Spain, Switzerland, Denmark, Luxembourg, and many other non-temperance nations, the U.S government should remove the federal la w which prohibits citizens under the age of twenty-one years old to drink alcoholic beverages. If this is done, young adults will feel less rebellious about alcohol. As well, if the drinking age was removed, parents would be able to teach their children how to drink responsibly, to avoid the suddeness of a person's "legal age." By doing this, the nation as a whole can begin to recognize that it is not alcohol, but the abuse of alcohol, that is the true problem. Making something illegal does not stop teenagers from doing it. In fact, because of their rebellious nature, teenagers are more likely to do something if it is illegal. In 1920, the Eighteenth Amendment, more commonly known as the Prohibition Act, made it illegal to import, export, transport, manufacture, or sell any alcoholic drink with a percentage of alcohol exceeding .5 (Pohelek 2). It had been hoped that the prohibition of alcohol would lower t...

Change Management Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Change Management Paper - Essay Example Through the continuous development of technology – an external factor – the conditions in life are likely to be changed constantly. Being depended on situations or things which are expected to be extinguished it is not wise. Moreover, the personal beliefs and attitudes of each person are likely to affect his responses to change; these beliefs, attitudes and skills can be characterized as internal factors intervening in the development of the change process. On the other hand, the leadership skills, also regarded as internal factors, of an individual will affect his decision but also his performance. In this context, the level at which each person will be able to respond to change is difficult to be standardized; rather it is likely to be changed periodically – especially when the changes in the internal or the external factors that intervene in the specific process are significant. The second important thing I realized after reading the specific book is that chan ge process is likely to be developed into four phases; this fact implies that the successful completion of the change process – referring to each individual – is not guaranteed. ... However, a more careful observation of the events of the person’s life could lead to the assumption that changes are likely to appear; b) in the second phase of the change process, the changes in daily life appear; the person starts to feel angry for having to cope with new standards and to face a series of problems which he had not foreseen. At this phase, resistance usually follows the anger for the change; the person denies to follow the new standards and to change his customs/ behavior. The duration of this phase can be differentiated among people in accordance with the personal attitudes and perceptions (again the internal factors influencing the change process, as described earlier, are expected to intervene); c) the stressful phase is expected to follow; in this phase inquiry and discovery are likely to replace the angry and resistance. In the specific phase, a person is likely to seek for solutions, hoping he will manage to respond to the needs of change. In the specif ic phase, experimentation is valuable, leading the person to identify solutions which are feasible, taking into consideration the resources available and the personal skills/ competencies; d) in the fourth phase, the good phase, the person who managed to follow the phases of the change process, as analyzed above, becomes self-confident, a fact that indicates his commitment to the specific effort. The person who manages to reach this phase is ready to face effectively the next change process – which is likely to follow shortly. Another important thing I’ve learned through this book is that effort is always valuable; even if initially the results seem

Marketing Concepts and Planning-- Apple IPods Assignment

Marketing Concepts and Planning-- Apple IPods - Assignment Example Features and benefits have long been the idea of improving sales and through promotional materials, however in today’s market pricing should be given much more emphasis by making it much more transparent to consumers in a variety of ways. This report identifies these proposed changes. The company’s mission is simple: Apple â€Å"recognizes that by integrating sound environmental health and safety management practices into all aspects of our business, we can offer innovative technological products and services while conserving and enhancing resources for future generations† (Lee, 2008, p.5). The objectives are to improve sales volumes through creative promotion, effective distribution, and to build consumer interest in mass market groups. The strengths of the iPod are in areas of innovation by remaining a step ahead of competition by updating features, memory and other important benefits for consumers. Research and development talent is an internal strength. Fortunately for Apple, competition is considerably weak and this is a major strength for the business! Weaknesses include, though not a fault of Apple, weakened economic conditions both domestically and internationally, posing a potential risk for future iPod (and iPad) sales. Additionally, minimal television advertising, despite the potential cost and time investment, is another weakness in regards to reaching more mass market customers. Threats to the iPod include the sudden resurgence of consumer use of auction websites such as eBay, creating a form of self-competition for budget-minded, mass market buyers as well as failure of retail partners to be more interactive in the sales/promotion process. These are external failures, however they definitely impact sales volume in certain market territories. As identified, segmentation for the iPod begins with identifying specific groups with

Cllinical Skils in haematology and bone marrow transplantion Nursing Essay

Cllinical Skils in haematology and bone marrow transplantion Nursing Module - Essay Example Although blood transfusion is an apparently acceptable treatment, this is not the final therapy for many types of anaemias, and they would need definitive therapies for those clinical indications. As a nurse, engaged in the care of such patients, work in this area needs considerable specialized clinical skills which are based on specific knowledge in this area. In this work, I will discuss the care of a patient with aplastic anaemia and explore the requisite clinical skills for such a patient on the basis of existing and current knowledge and also seek to examine the rationale of investigations, management, and nursing plans of such a patient from those perspectives and to investigate the alternative treatments in a patient with aplastic anaemia that I was assigned care of (Young, NS., 2002). Normal Erythropoiesis: Hematopoiesis is the process by which the formed elements of the blood or the cells in the blood are produced. The process is regulated through a series of steps beginning with the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. Stem cells are capable of producing red cells, all classes of granulocytes, monocytes, platelets, and the cells of the immune system. Commitment of the stem cell to the specific cell lineages appears not to be regulated by known exogenous growth factors or cytokines (Choi, JW., 2006). Rather, stem cells develop into differentiated cell types through incompletely defined molecular events that are intrinsic to the stem cell itself. Following differentiation, hematopoietic progenitor and precursor cells come increasingly under the regulatory influence of growth factors and hormones. For red cell production, erythropoietin (EPO) is the regulatory hormone. EPO is required for the maintenance of committed erythroid progenitor cells that, in the absence of the hormone, undergo programmed cell death. The regulated process of red cell production is

Leadership theories in the context of healthcare management

Leadership theories in the context of healthcare management Do healthcare mangers need leadership theories? Critically evaluate at least two leadership theories in the context of healthcare management. According to Huczynski and Buchanan (2007), Leadership is defined as the process of influencing the activities of an organised group in its effort towards goal setting and goal achievement. Grint (2005:2) describes leadership as a function of relationship between leaders and followers, rather than simply focused on the person of the leader. According to Bass (1990:19), leadership is an interaction between two or more members of the group that often involves a structuring or restructuring of the situations, perceptions and expectations of the members. Thus it can be said from the above definitions that leadership is enacted through relationships with others i.e. the followers and leadership is widely distributed throughout the organization. Healthcare organisations around the world spend enormous amount of money in infrastructure and renovating facilities in hospitals, but spend a relatively less time or effort for the management of people who work in it. Effective leadership is therefore necessary for the smooth functioning of healthcare organization. According to Gunderman R. (2009), healthcare leaders should understand the nature of the organization where they work and should work in harmony with physicians, nurses, technologists, administrators and other members of organization. The people who work in healthcare organizations as leaders should understand the needs of the people they work with and should motivate them in order to increase their performance. Thus the overall performance of the organization depends upon the behaviour of leaders with their followers. Failure to understand human motivation can result in downfall of the organization. Medical leaders should look at the following questions: Which is more effective way to deal with the workers, benefits such as salary raises and public praise, or sticks, such as threat of termination and reduction in compensation? How can we improve workers performance, through tighter control or by increasing autonomy and empowerment? If the crucial needs of the workers are not fulfill ed it can affect their commitment towards organization and may result in financial instability of the organization. Leadership and management are often compared under the same platform. People are often confused and ask a question, Are managers leaders? The answer is NO, they differ from each other in many ways. Leadership is one of the roles that managers have to play and is therefore a subset of management. According to Gopee and Galloway (2009), management is about measuring and monitoring performance against pre-determined goals, following policies and procedures, controlling and organizing the structure and systems, working within resource allocation and maximizing output and productivity for the organization. Whilst on the other side leadership is about being visionary, anticipating change, motivating and inspiring workers and focusing on development of individuals. Watson (1983), describes seven Ss models to distinguish between leaders and managers. According to Watson (1983), managers mainly rely upon 3 Ss namely strategy, structure and systems, whereas leaders depends on 4 soft Ss called style, staff, skills and shared goals. Hollingsworth (1999) suggests fundamental differences between leaders and managers. According to him managers do things right i.e. they are transactional, while leaders do the right things i.e. transformational, managers administer while leaders innovate, manager focus on systems and structure while leaders focus on people. Thus leadership is a two-way process based on leader-follower relationship while management is based on relationship between the people working in the organization as individuals or teams. (Gopee and Gathway, 2009). Theories of Leadership: Several leadership theories have emerged over the past suggesting practical applications of leadership and its concept. Different leadership theories that are developed since 1920s are listed below: Time period 1920s 1940s Theory Trait or Great man theory Barnard (1938) for prescriptives: Ghiselli and Wald Doty (1954) for the descriptives. Style or behavioural theory Blake and Mouton (1964), Likert (1961) and McGregor (1960) Focus Intelligence, initiative and self-assurance. Participative culture, Represented a more democratic humanistic approach to the use of man in organisations and come at the time of reaction against scientific management. 1960s Contingency theory Fielder (1967), Schein (1980) and Vroom and Yetton (1973) An integrative way of looking at leadership, more specific to task work group and position of leader within that work group. A best fit approach. 1980s Post contingencies theory Bennis (1992), Kotter (1982), Mant (1983) and Peters and Waterman (1982) This theory particularly focused on American Business leaders with some perceptive comments as well as Anglo-Saxon leadership habits. 1990s Transformational leadership Bass and Avolio (1993), Cunningham and Kitson (2000a, 2000b) and Sushter (1994) Four components. 1. Idealised influence; 2. Inspirational motivation; 3. Intellectual stimulation; and 4. Individualised consideration. Late 90s-2000s Contemporary theories. Goleman (1999), Jumaa (2001), Alleyne (2002), Goffee and Jones (2000) Charismatic leadership Connective leadership Servant leadership Transactional leadership Transformational leadership Adapted from- Jasper M. and Jumaa M (2005), Effective Healthcare Leadership,page-25-26 Trait or Great man leadership theory. According to this theory certain persons have inborn leadership traits. Many studies were conducted by the end of 1950s which explored specific characteristics of effective leaders. (Handy 1993). These studies described significant correlation between leadership effectiveness and following traits: Intelligence Self-confidence Knowledge Initiative Supervisory ability Integrity Bass (1990), based on several findings from studies developed a profile of traits that are marked in effective leaders. These are categorised in 3 areas mainly: Intelligence -Judgement -Decisiveness -Knowledge -Fluency Personality -Adaptability -Alertness -integrity -Nonconformity Ability -Cooperativeness Popularity -Tact However the trait theory has certain weakness and problems like; the traits are very difficult to define accurately or to understand fully; many exceptional leaders do not possess all identified leadership traits; it cannot be concluded that a person is better or worse as a manager or leader only by possessing one or two traits. It is still questionable whether an individual could have all the traits for being a leader. However despite of many other leadership theories emerged today, trait theory has not been completely disregarded. For example- Recent research study conducted by kouzes and Posner (2007) concluded that Admired Leaders were likely to draw out specific characteristics, whereas 50% or more respondents selected: Honest (88%), Forward looking (71%), Competent (66%) and inspiring (65%). Around 28-47% of respondents selected intelligent, broad minded, straightforward, co-operative, dependable and imaginative as specific characteristics of effective leaders; while less than 25% of people selected ambitious, caring, mature, courageous, loyal, self controlled and independent. However there is no evidence between the correlation of nature and the essential characteristics of leader nor on what an effective leader is. It can be seen as trait of position, or power or knowledge and wisdom. Kotter (1990) suggested the functional approach and focused on the fact that the performance can be improved can be improved by training and the leadership skills can be developed over a period of time and perfected. He also suggested that organisations should not wait for leaders to come by their own rather grow their own by identifying employees which have certain potential to be a good leader. Transactional and Transformational theories have gained popularity for Leadership in Healthcare Organizations out of the various leadership theories available. Transactional leadership theory. Transactional theory of leadership is based on leading people by the virtue of management position held in the organizational hierarchy. It is seen that in this theory leaders identify the needs of the followers and transact with them. Thus this theory is considered as a social exchange process based on the power and reward system. In healthcare organisations this theory is related to the achievement of organizational goals which also includes attending health of local population.( Gopee and Galloway, 2005) According to Bass and Riggio (2006), the transactional theory is based on the leaders who are successful or effective in such a way that they maintain equilibrium and harmony by fulfilling their roles according to the procedures and policies and use incentives to enhance employee loyalty and performance. The transactional leader sets goals, gives direction and uses rewards to strengthen employees behaviour towards meeting or exceeding established goals (McGuire and Kennerly 2006). Although this theory supports status quo and is more predictable but it has also been criticised by various authors as it is lacking vision for future of the healthcare organisation. Thus the transactional theory of leadership has a very narrow focus and the leader can have a high self interest which may eventually lead to disturbance in the organisational structure.(Gopee and Galloway, 2009) Transformational leadership theory Transformational leadership is widely supported leadership approach for healthcare. According to Burnes (1978), transformational leadership is identified as a process where one or more person engage in such a way that leaders and followers raise one another to higher level of motivation and morality. In transformational leadership leaders motivate their followers by transcending their own self interests, elevating their needs and making them aware of the mission of larger entity of the organisation where they belong. (Bass 1995). Transformational leadership is considered superior to the transactional leadership style as the whole workforce is developed as the part of the process whose main function is delivering organisations objective. This can be achieved by fostering identification, going beyond simple leader-follower transaction and developing and intellectually stimulating employees. (Vandenberghe et al. 2002). According to Murphy (2005), transformational leaders are visionary, self-confident, and self-aware in breaking professional boundaries to develop a multidisciplinary team approach towards patient care. Transformational leaders inspire the followers and motivate them to exercise leadership by encouraging their belief that have the potential to achieve high aims. Thus a transformational leader is the catalyst for creating new innovative organisational paradigms (Murphy 2005 :135). The transformational leadership style is described by Markham (1998) as collaborative, consultative and consensus seeking and attributing power to interpersonal skills and personal contact. Thus the transformational leadership allow the followers to develop ideas and aspirations on how things could be better in healthcare settings. It articulates a vision for betterment of the healthcare services and thus allows one to work for raising the standards of care and treatment. Manley (2001) identifies six transformational leadership processes in practice; Ability to develop a shared vision Inspiring and communicating Valuing others Challenging and stimulating Developing trust Enabling Using these processes, transformational leaders assist the people working with them to become empowered and take responsibility of ownership to practice challenges and solutions (Sashkin and Burke 1990). The impact of transformational leadership does not restrict to development of individuals but it can also produce significant changes in practice settings by influencing the organisational culture. One of the main features of the transformational leaders is that they can inspire other people to follow their clear vision and that they demonstrate self-confidence in their ability to articulate the vision and promote change.'( Mullally 2001). Transformational leadership is also compared to that of a leadership style previously called as charismaticleadership which is now out of fashion. For example, people like Hitler, Churchill, Mussolini, Mao Tse Tung and The Reverend Moon have been perceived as charismatic leaders in the past but in todays modern era it will be difficult to call them as transformational leaders. Charismatic leaders are assumed to use their magnetic personalities to attract the followers. They are usually good orators and share their imaginary ideas with followers to create a common purpose. For example-Barack Obama demonstrated this ability during his election campaign and is believed to demonstrate complex ideas in a comprehensible manner to his followers. The concept of transformational leadership and its applications in complex organisations such as healthcare is based on four central components (Bass 1998), (Plesek and Wilson 2001): Idealised influence (charisma) Inspirational motivation Intellectual stimulation Individualised consideration Transformational leadership topic has been debated since the past three decades because the above four components can reflect the potential for causing organisational harm and destruction if the leader in the framework is supported by emotional intelligence (Goleman 2000a) to guide them through the swampy lowlands of organisational life (Schon 1983). According to Manley (2000) the transformational leadership approach is highly beneficial for the healthcare organisations as it has positive effects in the organisational change. An analysis of transformational leadership style in North America has shown qualities of integrity and honesty all strengthen by strong core of moral and ethical values (Bashor 2000). The key principle required in applying the transformational leadership in healthcare organisation needs much openness and honesty in all interactions (Jasper 2005). The use of personal qualities (such as charisma, influencing skills and communication) needs to be equally balanced by high levels of understanding and personal insight. This can be achieved through self perception and feedback from other colleagues. The ability to inspire and motivate depends upon the process of visioning. The leaders should be able to describe their ideas with clarity and details and should explain about the future consequences. To achieve this vision one should start working for the future vision by learning from the past realities and should show a collective effort where everyone has an opportunity to participate in the creation (Fenton 2003). Intellectual stimulation can be achieved by maintaining mental and intellectual alertness and acuity which can be gained by encouraging open criticism and deba te of wide ranging evidence base thus it helps to form the foundation of substantive change. The development of all individual towards their potential is one of the goals of transformational leadership. This can only be achieved by sharing thoughts of power bases in both organisations and interpersonal relationships. (Jumma and Jasper 2005). Thus it is seen that the two leadership approaches i.e. transformational and transactional approach are different from each other. Transactional leadership mainly involves transaction between the managers and their managed people while transformational leadership mainly focuses on various radical changes that can present challenges and growth for all. Comparison of Transformational and Transactional leadership approaches Transformational leadership Transactional leadership Merges own, followers and the organisations goals, desire values into common goal. Generates employee commitment to the vision. Challenges subordinate Rewards informally and personally Is emotional passionate about existing and new ventures Sees home and work on a continuum Aims to maintain equilibrium and status quo Is task-centred and orderly Coaches and fosters sheltered learning Uses extrinsic rewards High self-interest Sees home and work as separate entities. Adapted from- Gallow and Gopee (2009), Leadership and Management in Healthcare, page-59 Limitations of transformational theory: Although transformational leadership skills are highly desirable for effective functioning of an organisation, many management theorists like Bass, Avoliio and Goodheim (1987) think that transformational leadership alone can cause problem in long time. According to them transformational qualities must be coupled with more transactional qualities of day to day managerial role. According to Bass and colleagues, the transformational leader will fail without the traditional management skills. (Marquis and Huston 2009). They believe both sets of characteristics should be present in same person in different proportion. In Johnsons (2005) research he suggested that highly effective managers require both vision as well as specific plan to carry out their plans for achieving goals. Concept of leadership within the British National Health Service The New Labour Government included leadership as the part of their modernisation of the NHS and has been enshrined in the work of the NHS Leadership Centre, created in 2001as a part of NHS Modernisation Agency (The NHS Plan, DH 2000). The centre launched the NHS Leadership Qualities Framework in 2002 (NHS Leadership centre 2003) the components of this framework contains 15 qualities organised in 3 clusters of setting direction, personal and delivering the service. Components of NHS Leadership Qualities Framework Setting direction Personal qualities Delivering the service Broad scanning Intellectual flexibility Seizing the future Political astuteness Drive for results Self belief Self awareness Self management Drive for achievement Personal integrity Empowering others Holding to account Leading change through people Effective and strategic influencing Collaborative working These qualities reflect the values and beliefs intrinsic within the Governments political stance. Here the emphasis is on personal attributes and qualities as opposed to that of traditional source of authority and power or target driven incentives derived from business culture (Jumaa 2005). These qualities are considered as a set of key characteristics, attitudes and behaviours that a leader must possess in order to deliver the NHS plan; Setting the standard for leadership in NHS Assessing and developing high performance in leadership Integrating leadership across the service and related agency Individual and organisational assessment Adapting leadership to suit changing context. Case studies to demonstrate effectiveness of leadership theories. Case study 1. To measure the effectiveness of the new leadership framework in NHS, healthcare commission (now-Care Quality Commission) conducted a NHS staff survey. It was conducted in October 2003 and is probably the largest workforce survey in world. Total 572 organisations took part and around 203,911 NHS employees responded to the survey questionnaire. (www.cqc.org.uk) Results were produced before Healthcare Commission Executive Anna Walker. According to the survey more than 200,000 staff people told they liked working with NHS. Most of them were satisfied with their jobs but some part of the staff reported poorer work-life balance and higher level of work related stress. Thus healthcare commission urged NHS organisations to investigate and address these issues and try to get solution for it through more effective leadership approach. The fifth annual national survey of NHS staff was conducted between October and December 2007. In this survey 156,000 employees from all 391 NHS trusts in England responded to a questionnaire asking about their views and experience of working with the NHS. The aim of this survey was to look at the attitudes and experience of NHS staff so that the employers can review their own staff and take necessary action. The results of the survey showed that job satisfaction remained high among most of the staff. 75% of staff was satisfied or very satisfied as well as satisfaction with the amount of responsibility. While in terms of staff engagement mixed results were seen. Around only 23% i.e. less than quarter of staff agreed that senior managers involve staff in important decisions and only 22% agreed that communication between staff and senior management is effective. While only 26% of staff were satisfied, or very satisfied with the extent to which trust values their work. This was the sing le most common reason given by those thinking of leaving their jobs. Along with this 8% of staff said they had experienced some discrimination at work in the previous 12 months. About 3% said they had been discriminated against their ethnic background. Thus it can be concluded from the above two studies that the NHS staff were generally satisfied with their jobs. However there were some areas where significant action is needed for improvement. The NHS should also make some effective plans to value staff and engage them successfully in important decisions-making. While NHS should also do more in order to improve the communication between staff and senior management. Case study 2. The Healthcare Commission also conducted 5 surveys in 2004 to find out patients overall experience about the new NHS. The questionnaires and methodology were designed by the NHS Surveys Advice Centre at Picker institute Europe. About 850 eligible people were identified from each trust that took part. A total of 568 NHS organisations and 312,348 patients took part. The response rate for the patients varied from 63% for the adult in patient survey and 42% for the mental health survey. Results were published in first week of august 2004 and the Commission reported that patients gave positive opinions about the high quality care they received at the NHS. Majority of patients said they have trust and confidence in the clinical staff. They are listened to and treated with lot of dignity. Thus a great improvement in communication between the NHS staff and patients was seen and people were allowed to give their own suggestions regarding the facilities they would like to see as an improvement for the organisation. (Jasper and Jumaa 2005) Case study 3. The following case study is based on my experience of working at a Multinational Pharmaceutical company, Zydus-Cadila healthcare limited, India. It is an innovative global pharmaceutical company that discovers, manufacture and markets a wide range of healthcare products. It produces products like Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) to formulations like tablets, capsules, syrups etc Along with this it also manufactures various animal health products and cosmeceuticals. Headquarter of the company is located in Ahmedabad, India. It also has its offices spread across four continents and different countries including USA, Europe, Japan, Brazil, South Africa and 25 other emerging markets. They employ around 10,000 employees worldwide and have one of the best Research and Development centre for drug research. The motto of the group is Improving peoples lives through innovation. I had an opportunity to work there as a trainee for my under graduation internship for a duration of 6 months. My role included looking after the process involved in operation of different departments like production, packaging, storage, marketing and submitting daily report to the manager. The whole company was perfectly organised and the management was distributed in a systematic manner depending on the type of department. There were different mangers according to the department like for Human-Resource department, Production department, Quality-control department, RD (Research and development) department and the Marketing department. Each of the department had a head person above them under whose guidance all mangers used to work. According to me, the leadership approach in this organisation contained both transactional as well as transformational concepts of leadership theories. The manager under whom I used to work was a transactional leader. He was very particular about the work. Right from the first day of my training I found him a bit eccentric. He was not at all friendly with all of us working under him. He used to assign each of us a particular work for a day. For example- On the first day of my training I was told to go and check the ware house of the company where the finished goods were stored and to write the Standard Operating Procedure for dispensing the goods. Following his instructions we all went and did our report writing work. He came for a visit within 3 hours, gathered all of us and started asking questions about what we observed. Those who were unable to answer his question were scolded. He gave us first warning about our work and said those who will complete their work early and accuratel y will have the additional benefit i.e. they will be allowed to go home 1 hour early. This thing worked as an incentive amongst all of us and thus we became more enthusiastic towards our work. Slowly over a time it was realised that the way he was leading us was different from others. For him the sole purpose was getting the work done from us in such a way that each one of us feels excited about work. He was very professional at work while very jovial and friendly at home. He was totally task oriented and orderly person. He never accepted any ideas or suggestions from any of the followers. Thus he was more of a transactional type manager. The other type of manager under whom we were working is completely opposite of the above mentioned manager. He was our marketing department manager. He was a true example of transformational leader. The way he used to lead us was truly inspirational. He used to explain us the complete process before handling any work. He was very supportive at work and had a vision for companys success. His communication and motivation skills were excellent. Right from the first day of my training under him we liked working with him. He always welcomed new ideas and suggestions for marketing. He was very much focused about his vision and always strives hard to achieve it. He had good interactions with everybody in the team and always used to motivate us. He used to look at everybodys work personally and if he will notice any mistake in our work would teach how to correct it on the spot only. He used to ask for the feedback about his new ideas from each of us and correct himself if the feedback was no t satisfactory. This shows his eagerness to work with the team which created positive effects on each of the team members. He was never after rewards from the company. His only aim was taking companys sales to the epitome of success. He was fully dedicated to the company and worked with whole heartedness. Thus all of us used to work with great enthusiasm under his leadership. So he can be described as a perfect example of transformational leader. Hence the company Zydus-Cadila Healthcare limited has a mixture of transformational and transactional leaders which ultimately results in the success of company. Conclusion The essay here explains about various leadership theories in healthcare and its effectiveness by the use of some case studies. Healthcare organizations are complex in nature. It requires a well balanced management and leadership approaches to effectively run the organisation. Each individual in organisation should share their knowledge with others. This synergy among workers is the key part for generation of new ideas and concepts for the organisation. Many leadership theories have been developed since past and still it is continuously adapting a new change for the effective leadership theory. Considering leadership in healthcare it is seen from the example of NHS in the UK that the combination of both transactional and transformational leadership theory may be the most efficacious for an organisation. Thus the healthcare managers require leadership theories and put them in practice to make it work effectively. However, according to Grint (2005:105), one of the top secrets of leaders hip is not a list of innate skills and competences, or how much charisma you havebut whether you have a capacity to learn from you followers.

Stereotypes and Stereotyping - Programmed and Labeled for Life Essay

Programmed and Labeled for Life Here it is, college, a new stroll down the pathway of life. This should be an opportunity to show more of which we are. College has been said to be a process of coming into our own. It's not like high school, there is less pressure of conformity, or is it too late? I believe that by high school graduation we've already conformed based on what others tell us; in high school we have our futures already laid out. Picture a student walking down the hallway carrying a full book-bag, a pencil case in one hand, and a trumpet case in the other. What do you think of this teenager, besides the fact that he's a band student that likes pencils? To answer your question, the opinion towards this student has already been established. Shout-outs are already being called to him: "Loser," "Geek", and "Dork", just to name a few. Now imagine another student walking down that same hallway, this person is wearing a football jersey, has no back-pack on, but rather a single book under his arm and a pencil behind his ear. Shout- out are being called to him as well: "you're the man," and "hey playa." After all these years of shout-outs and name-callings, over time we begin to believe those words. We carry these labels around with us, and by college we have already established what we're told to be. Popularity is the foundation for most name-calling. The decipher for whether you're known as a "loser" or "the man", depends on your popularity. Popularity is similar to the game of cards, the higher the card; the more it's worth. For a student with a low card, he or she might feel as if there is no way of winning. I interviewed a college student who spoke about her popularity in high school as a low card. "I had a... ...e people pleasers, believing that's their mission. Living in a college dorm, I see a lot of different people, and I guarantee that I can tell who was who in high school. After high school, the people called "Dorks", "Nerds", and "Geeks" all seem to be overachievers. Those labeled as being The "brain" in high school with "no friends", have filled that description later on.. The name-calling and shout-outs in the hallways have also lowered these "nerdy" students into believing they're unsuitable to make friends. Those college students, who were part of the popular crowd in high school, are now underachievers. Those who were previously known as socially cool, feel as if that's all they should be. Whether you were part of the popular crowd, or part of the nerd crowd, your future has already been established since your driven by these labels you heard in high school.

Both the Adventure Essay

Both the Adventure of the Speckled Band and Lamb to the Slaughter share some characteristics of murder mysteries. Which story is the most typical one? Which story is most successful in creating suspense? Attracting readers of all ages for hundreds of years, it is evident through these two stories that the murder mystery genre has evolved from a more stereotypical â€Å"whodunit† structure, however still continuing to enthral its reader by creating a sense of the unexpected, and engaging them in anxiety through the effective use of language and characters. The Speckled Band and Lamb to the Slaughter share characteristics of murder mysteries and demonstrate the significant difference, which has changed the typical structure through the years. The Speckled Band written in the Victorian times (1882) by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle during the reign of Queen Victoria, features one of the finest ever adventures of the legendary detective Sherlock Holmes whereas on the other hand Lamb to the Slaughter demonstrates a less predictable or typical â€Å"whodunit† structure written in the 1950’s by Roald Dahl. Those essential elements of a murder mystery are witnessed in both stories including the detectives, villains, motives, atmosphere, and the narration allowing the reader a more direct participation. The Speckled Band looks at how a tragic death has left Helen Stoner, who lives in Stoke Moran with her stepfather, extremely frightened. Helen’s sister Julia died in mysterious circumstances just prior to her marriage, and Julia had spoken to Helen about a low whistling sound she had heard in the night just before she died, and she said something to Helen about a Speckled Band she had seen. Helen goes to visit Sherlock Holmes and she reveals that an agreement was made, whereby all her mother’s money would go to Dr Roylott (her stepfather), ‘with a provision that a certain annual sum should be allowed for each of us in the event of our marriage’. After investigation, Holmes later finds out that each sister would get i 250, which at the time was a great deal of money. The reader sees a clear motive for the murder of Julia Stoner, as she was about to inherit a huge sum of money, which her stepfather would have to give. The reader is lead to believe that because Dr Roylott would have to give a large sum of money to both the girls this may be his motive for murdering Helen prior to her marriage. Helen also therefore appears to be in danger building the suspense from early in the plot. The story then goes on to look at the typical detective manner of Sherlock Holmes, who uncovers the truth behind the unexpected death of Julia Stoner, always accompanied by his friend Dr Watson from whom the adventure is seen through, allowing the reader an immediate involvement in the mystery and a force to believe Dr Watson. Holmes and Watson work on various clues with the help of Helen to find out that it was a snake let out by Dr Roylott that killed Julia. Sir Conan Doyle wrote detective fiction in the Speckled Band for a reader who would appreciate the traditional structure, adapting from a more serious, realistic Victorian lifestyle where the doctors were of a higher society. The story gives the reader a hint or motive for murder in the very beginning whereas on the other hand Lamb to the Slaughter, holds back a lot of information and tricks the reader, giving a more unexpected approach and a less typical one such as the Speckled Band. The audience had a different liking and therefore The Speckled Band was more popular compared to a more varied approach, which is popular with the modern audience. The Speckled Band is written looking at the Victorian lifestyle therefore looking at the traditional views. This reflects the story’s structure as it is set in an old mansion in mysterious surroundings, which was a traditional setting. Sir Conan Doyle’s story revolves around the character of the detective, Sherlock Holmes, which is a preferred technique of mystery novelists, probably because it leaves a place for sequel. The story, though centred on Holmes, is told as seen through the eyes of his companion, Dr Watson, providing a good example of writing in the first person. The Speckled Band was published in a magazine called the Strand magazine, which gave short chapters every week, therefore always leaving the reader in suspense, guessing until the next chapter was published. There are many things that tell us that this story was written in the late 19th century, for example Helen Stoner arrived by â€Å"dog-cart†. Miss Stoner is dressed in all black and wearing a veil, possibly suggesting that she is in mourning which was common at the time when someone close to you died. In the Victorian times middle class women were very dependent on their husband and were therefore without very much independence. We know this because Holmes says â€Å"when young ladies wander about the metropolis at this hour of the morning, and knock sleepy people up out of their beds, I presume that it is something very pressing which they have to communicate†, suggesting that the woman wouldn’t come at this time for no reason. It also suggests that for this reason he is interested in why this woman is here therefore first calling Dr Watson to meet her too. In contrast, Lamb to the Slaughter is probably set in a house in an American suburb. The story gives the first image of a devoted housewife who has an understandable love for her house. Everything is done, as if to perfection as Dahl presents her surroundings as clean, comfortable and peaceful. â€Å"The room was warm and clean, the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight-hers and the one by the empty chair opposite. † This suggests that she has made sure everything is prepared for her husband’s arrival as she has even lit the table lamp beside the empty chair. The story is seen from Mary’s perspective however it is written in a third person narration (omniscient narrator); this allows the reader to picture the story from her perspective and gets a greater depth into her character. This is not very typical of the murder mystery genre as usually the story is seen through the detective, victim or from another perspective but it is not common to be from the murderer’s view. Dahl has used a very untypical narration, which works very well to see a character in depth. This also makes the reader sympathise for Mary, as the narrator seems to do. Secondly Dahl describes Mary as a pregnant woman with soft, loveable features and a skin that has â€Å"a wonderful translucent quality†. This makes the reader now care for Mary and makes her a perfect victim being weak and a woman. It appears that Mary waits patiently every day for her husband to arrive from work and is overjoyed at his arrival.

Labor vs. Belabor

Labor vs. Belabor Labor vs. Belabor Labor vs. Belabor By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Can you tell me which is preferred, labor the point or belabor the point. Ive heard them used interchangeably. The Google Ngram Viewer indicates that â€Å"labor the point,† (â€Å"to continue to repeat or explain something that has already been said and understood†) has been around for about 100 years longer than â€Å"belabor the point.† A Web search suggests that the two versions are now used interchangeably: The vice president was apologizing for being long-winded and belaboring points, even as he continued to  belabor  long-winded  points. Not to  belabor the point, but writing for publication is hard. The speaker labored the point  so long that we lost interest. I will not labor the point that the power company doesn’t have many fans in Kenya. The verb belabor has other applications. Literally, â€Å"to belabor† is â€Å"to thrash or buffet with all one’s might,† as in this description from Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Legree was provoked beyond measure by Tom’s evident happiness; and riding up to him, belabored him over his head and shoulders. Figuratively, â€Å"to belabor† is â€Å"to assail with words.† In this quotation from The Red Badge of Courage, the officers are urging their men to move faster: Belabored  by their officers, they began to move forward. When applied to prose, belabored applies to a type of writing style characterized by long sentences and inappropriately erudite or archaic vocabulary: [â€Å"The Turn of the Screw† by Henry James] may have created and sustained tension and horror when it was written, but now it is mostly belabored, overextended prose. While popular criticism struggles to find its bearings, academia keeps on producing mountains of belabored prose for the sake of sustaining the small but diverse group of important thinkers still doing important work.   [A]n unreasonable fascination with how spare one can make a sentence can have an equally destructive effect on the readers experience and draw just as much attention to the authors skill in restraint as belabored prose draws to his cleverness or intelligence. Both extremes are destructive to the overall health of a story. The Bailee translation captures the lyrical flavor of Hegels highly belabored prose.   Ian M. Banks and China Mieville write rings around Herbert’s belabored prose. Sometimes the writer’s use of belabor leaves the reader wondering about its intended meaning in the context: No need to belabor the  awfulness of this film, a romantic comedy devoid of romance.  Ã‚   I dont mean to belabor the discussion of Royals GM Dayton Moore. He had been  belaboring Rockefeller  for many years.   In 2007, the year that NCLB was evidencing belabored breathing, Colemanstarted a new, national-standards-writing company (which turned nonprofit in 2011), Student Achievement Partners.† This event did not belabor the federal intrusion on education but did introduce realities of FedLedEd rearing its head. No primary votes are lost by  belaboring the opposition. Note: A person who is having difficulty breathing is said to exhibit â€Å"labored breathing.† Here are some alternative words and expressions for belabor that may be clearer in some contexts: dwell on overdo overdramatize make too much of Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterTop 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)Advance vs. Advanced

The Slender Man Stabbing Case

The Slender Man Stabbing Case On May 31, 2014, 12-year-old Payton Leutner crawled out of the woods to a path where a bicyclist found her bleeding from 19 stab wounds. Leutner, who survived the attack, told authorities she was stabbed by two of her 12-year-old friends, Anissa Weier and Morgan Geyser. The two Waukesha, Wisconsin middle school students told investigators that they plotted for months to kill their friend to appease the fictional Internet character Slender Man, a paranormal figure who stalks and kidnaps children. Here are the latest developments in the Slender Man stabbing case: Slender Man Case Delayed Sept. 22, 2015 - The October trial date for the Slender Man stabbing case has been removed from the court calendar after the Wisconsin attorney generals office agreed that the decision to keep the case in adult court should be appealed. Waukesha County Circuit Judge Michael Bohren removed the trial date from his calendar after learning that Attorney General Brad Schimel supported the review by the Court of Appeals, although his office plans to defend the ruling to keep the case in adult court. Schimel said the appeal would clarify further proceedings in this litigation, and potentially protect the defendants, who were 12 years old at the time of the crime, from substantial or irreparable injury. Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier would face up to 45 years in prison if found guilty in adult court of the stabbing of their classmate, 12-year-old Payton Leutner, who survived the attack. They are charged with attempted first-degree intentional homicide. Although Judge Bohren also postponed hearings on other motions in the case until the appeal court rules, he did agree to allow a state psychiatrist to evaluate Weier in regards to a motion from her attorney that she was not competent to waive her right to remain silent when she first spoke to detectives. Judge Enters Pleas for Slender Man Girls Aug. 21, 2015 - A county judge has entered not guilty pleas for two 13-year-old girls accused of attempted homicide in the stabbing of a classmate while the defendants in the Slender Man case - Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier - stood mute in court. Attorneys for the two girls, who were both 12 when the crime took place, said they did not speak on their on behalf in adult court because Judge Michael Bohren has not issued his written order that denied their motion to move the case to juvenile court. Donna Kuchler, one of the attorneys for Geyser, said she wants to review the judges written order before deciding whether to appeal his decision. Kuchler and Maura McMahon, an attorney for Weier, said their clients might enter pleas of not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect. If the jury agrees that mental defects caused the stabbing, they would be sent to a mental hospital for an indefinite period of time. Geyser has been diagnosed with early onset schizophrenia. If found guilty in adult court, however, they could be sentenced up to 45 years. In juvenile court, they would have faced a maximum of three years incarceration. The exact charge against the two is attempted first-degree intentional homicide, as party to a crime, with use of a dangerous weapon for the stabbing of 12-year-old Payton Leutner in May 2014. Slender Man Case to Be Tried in Adult Court Aug. 10, 2015 - Two girls accused of stabbing a 12-year-old friend because they wanted to appease the fictional character Slender Man will go to trial in adult court rather than juvenile court, a judge has ruled. The decision means Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier could face up to 35 years if convicted of the stabbing of their classmate Payton Leutner. In spite of testimony at separate hearings for the two defendants from psychologist who said the girls could receive better mental health treatment in the juvenile system, Judge Michael Bohren ruled that their cases will remain in adult court. The defense attorneys had also filed a motion asking that the Wisconsin law requiring adult court for juveniles if they are charged with first-degree crimes be declared unconstitutional because it can lead to cruel and unusual punishment. In juvenile court, the girls could face up to five years incarceration, but if found guilty in adult court they could be sentenced to 65 years. Judge Bohren denied that motion, ruling that although juveniles may not be as culpable for their actions as adults, that does not mean they are exempt from receiving adult sentences. Slender Man Is Real, Suspect Says June 19, 2015 - One of the Slender Man murder suspects still believes the fictional character is real and would kill again if he told her to, psychiatrists have testified. The testimony came in a hearing to determine if Morgan Geyser will be tried in juvenile or adult court. State psychiatrist Kenneth Casimir told the court that 13-year-old Geyser has early-onset schizophrenia and continues to believe Slender Man is real. Casimir said Geyers severe schizophrenia is dangerous if it remains untreated. Morgan said, Well if he told me, meaning Slender Man, if he told me to hurt more people, Id have to do it. If he told me to break into someones house and stab them, I would have to do it, Casimir testified at the hearing. Another state psychiatrist, Dr. Kenneth Robbins, told the judge that Geyser would not do well in the criminal justice system. Severe schizophrenia is predictably going to do very poorly in the criminal justice system, and we have hundreds of examples of that, Dr. Robbins testified. He also said that Geyser continues to believe that Slender Man is real. Treatment Denied for Slender Man Suspect April 24, 2015 - One of the defendants in the Slender Man stabbing case will not have her bail reduced and will not be transferred to a private facility for mental health treatment. A judge denied the request from 12-year-old Morgan Geysers attorney. During the hearing, the judge expressed concerned about Geyser being a flight risk and kept her bond at $500,000. Anthony Cotton, Geysers attorney, had requested that her bail be reduced to a signature bond. Cotton told the judge that Geyser has no friends and has no car so she would not get very far if she did try to flee. Attorney Wants Treatment for Geyser April 15, 2015 - The attorney for a 12-year-old Wisconsin girl who is charged with stabbing a classmate to appease the fictional character Slender Man wants a judge to reduce her bail and allow her to be treated for psychotic disorders at a residential treatment center. Attorney Anthony Cotton wants Morgan Geysers bail reduced to from $500,000 to a signature bond. Cotton wants his client released from a juvenile detention center in West Bend and sent to a treatment facility in Milwaukee. She would go to Milwaukee Academy, an all-girls treatment facility at her parents expense, he said. In his motion, Cotton said Geyser has been diagnoses with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and desperately needs treatment for her mental illness. He said early treatment was critical for her ultimate prognosis. The judge is expected to rule on the bail motion on April 24. Slender Man Case Stays in Adult Court March 13, 2015 - The case of two Wisconsin girls who stabbed a classmate because they thought it would appease the fictional character Slender Man, will remain in adult court for now, a judge ruled. Judge Michael Bohren ruled that Morgan Geyser and Anissa Weier will be tried in adult court for the attempted homicide of Payton Leutner. Attorneys for both girls had requested their case be moved to juvenile court. In making his ruling, Judge Bohren allowed the defense attorneys the opportunity to seek a reverse waiver to move their cases to juvenile court on other grounds. Under Wisconsin law, the attorneys will have to show that their clients will not receive adequate treatment in the adult criminal justice system, that moving the case to juvenile court will not depreciate the seriousness of the charge, and that keeping the case in adult court would not be a deterrent to other juveniles planning to kill their peers. The judge scheduled Weiers reverse waiver hearing in May and Geysers in June. Meanwhile, videos of the interrogation of the two girls have been release in which they openly discuss their motivation to kill their classmate. Geyser told detectives that killing Leutner would allow them to live with Slender Man in his mansion in the forest. Weier told investigators that Geyser convinced her that killing Leutner was necessary and if she did not participate, Slender Man would â€Å"kill my whole family in three seconds.† Defense Wants Case in Juvenile Court Feb. 25, 2015 - Defense attorneys and prosecutors have both filed motions in Waukesha County on whether two girls who stabbed their friend in the Slender Man stabbing case should be tried in adult or juvenile court. Prosecutors argue that when Anissa Weier and Morgan Geyser lured their friend Payton Leutner into the woods, stabbed her 19 times and left her for dead after planning the crime for months, they were committing attempted first-degree homicide. According to court filings by the Waukesha County District Attorneys Office, if that is the charge they will face trial for, Wisconsin law dictates that the trial be conducted in adult court. Defense attorneys, on the other hand, argued that the two girls, who were both 12 at the time of the stabbing, should face attempted second-degree homicide charges, a count that would allow the trial to be held in juvenile court. Where the case is tried would make a huge difference in the possible sentences the girls would face. If found guilty of attempted first-degree murder in adult court, they could be sentenced to up to 65 years each in state prison. If found guilty of the lesser charge in juvenile court, they could only be held in a secure facility until they turned 25 years old. In court fillings last week, prosecutors pointed out that if the girls are tried in adult court, but found guilty of the lesser charge, Wisconsin law would allow them to be sentenced as juveniles anyway. The judge is expected to make a decision on the issue March 13. Girls Coerced by Slender Man, Attorney Says Feb. 24, 2015 - A defense attorney for one of the girls accused in the Slender Man stabbing case told a judge that his client believed the fictional character was real and would kill her whole family if she did not kill her friend. Joseph Smith Jr., attorney for Anissa Weier, asked the judge to dismiss the charge of first-degree murder against his client because the intimidation from the Slender Man character that she perceived amounted to coercion, which would justify a lesser charge. During the hearing last week, Waukesha Police Detective Michelle Trussoni testified that Weier and co-defendant Morgan Geyser, believed that their families would be in danger if they did not kill Payton Leutner. During an interview that was video taped, Weier told police, He targets children most, so I was really scared knowing that Slenderman could easily kill my whole family in three seconds. During the hearing, the court heard that the two girls had been planning the attack for five months. Originally, they planned to kill Leutner during a sleepover, but backed out. They also abandoned a plan to kill her in a park restroom where they could flush the blood down the drain, detective Trussoni testified. Finally, they decided to lure Leutner to the woods under the pretense of playing hide-and-seek. Police officer Shelly Fischer said Geyser whispered to Leutner, Im so sorry, just before the stabbing. Waukesha Detective Tom Casey, however, told the court that Geyser showed no remorse for the crime. Last weeks preliminary hearing was originally scheduled last July, but was postponed because Weier was declared incompetent. In November, she was ruled fit to stand trial.